Terracotta floors are known for their warm, earthy color and beautiful rustic charm.

They make a home feel cozy and natural, and many people choose terracotta because it adds character that no other floor cleaning can match. But while terracotta looks amazing, it also needs gentle cleaning and the right care. 

This is because terracotta is a natural, porous material, which means it can easily absorb stains, water, dirt, and cleaning chemicals. If it is not cleaned properly, terracotta can lose its shine, become dull, or develop dark patches.

The good news is that terracotta can stay beautiful for many years with the correct cleaning method.

In this guide, you will learn why terracotta needs special care, how to clean it step by step, how to treat stains, how to maintain it daily, and how to restore old or dull terracotta floors.

Easy Steps for Clean Terracotta Floors

Step 1: Remove Dust and Dirt Thoroughly

The first step in cleaning terracotta floors is always removing loose dirt, dust, and grit. This step is extremely important because dirt acts like sandpaper. 

When you mop over dirty tiles, the dirt particles rub against the soft terracotta surface and cause scratches. Over time, these scratches make the floor look old and faded.

You can remove dirt by using a soft broom, a microfiber dust mop, or a vacuum cleaner with a hard-floor setting. Make sure to clean corners, edges, under tables, and along walls, where dust tends to build up the most. 

Never start mopping without removing dust first; this is the biggest cause of long-term dullness in terracotta.

Never mop terracotta when dirt is still on the surface. It will scratch the tile.

Step 2: Mop Gently Using a pH-Neutral Cleaner

Terracotta must always be cleaned with a gentle, pH-neutral cleaner. Regular household cleaners, such as bleach, vinegar, ammonia, or strong multipurpose sprays, are too harsh and can damage the tile. 

Vinegar and acidic cleaners, in particular, can wear down terracotta and cause permanent marks.

Mix a small amount of pH-neutral cleaner with warm water in a bucket. Dip your mop into the solution, but do not keep it too wet. Always use a damp mop, not a soaking one. Mop in small sections and rinse your mop frequently so you do not spread dirty water around the floor. 

Using too much water can cause terracotta to absorb moisture, which may lead to dark spots, weakening, or staining, especially on unsealed tiles.

Never use vinegar, bleach, ammonia, harsh chemicals, or steam mops on terracotta.

Step 3: Spot Treat Stains Carefully

Terracotta is famous for absorbing stains quickly, so gentle stain treatment is very important. One of the safest and most effective methods for removing stains is using a baking soda paste. To make the paste, mix baking soda with a little water until it becomes thick. 

Apply the paste directly to the stain and leave it for a few minutes. This allows the baking soda to lift the dirt without damaging the tile. Then wipe it away gently with a soft cloth.

For oil stains, sprinkle cornstarch first and leave it on the stain for at least 15 minutes. Cornstarch helps draw the oil out of the pores. After that, you can follow with the baking soda paste.

If the stain is very deep or old, you may need a terracotta-specific cleaner. Always test any cleaner in a hidden area first.

Never use rough brushes, steel wool, or strong chemicals to scrub terracotta. They will scratch and damage the tiles.

Step 4: Rinse the Floor Thoroughly

Rinsing is an important step that many people skip, but it makes a big difference in how clean and shiny your terracotta looks. After mopping with the cleaning solution, there will always be a bit of cleaner left on the tile surface. 

If this residue dries on the tiles, it will attract dirt and make the floor appear cloudy or sticky. Fill a bucket with clean water and use a fresh mop to rinse the floor. Change the water whenever it becomes dirty. 

Make sure to rinse every section of the floor, including textured areas and grout lines where cleaner can sit unnoticed. A good rinse helps keep the tiles bright and prevents dullness.

Step 5: Dry the Surface Completely

Terracotta must be dried completely after cleaning because it absorbs moisture. If water is left standing on the surface, it can cause dark stains, mold growth, or even damage the tile over time. Use clean, soft towels or a dry microfiber mop to remove all remaining moisture. 

Do not forget to dry corners, edges, and grout lines, which often stay wet longer.

If possible, open windows or use fans to improve airflow so the floor dries faster. Proper drying is one of the key steps that protects terracotta and keeps it looking beautiful.

Never let wet terracotta air-dry naturally when too much water is left on the surface. Always remove excess water first.

Why Terracotta Needs Special Care

Terracotta Is Porous by Nature

Terracotta is made from natural clay. Because of this, it has tiny holes called pores that absorb water, liquids, and stains very quickly. Imagine a sponge: when you drop water on it, it soaks it up. Terracotta works the same way. 

If you spill juice, oil, or dirty water on an unsealed terracotta tile, it can go deep inside the tile and create a stain that is hard to remove. Even normal mopping with too much water can cause the tiles to darken or weaken. This is why gentle cleaning and fast drying are so important.

Terracotta Is Softer Than Ceramic

Terracotta is much softer than ceramic or porcelain tiles. When dust, sand, and small dirt particles are left on the floor, they can scratch the surface when someone walks over them or when you mop the floor.

Over time, these tiny scratches build up and make the floor look dull and worn out. Even if the tiles are sealed, they can still scratch easily because of their natural softness. This is why sweeping and dust removal are the first and most important steps in caring for terracotta.

Sealed vs. Unsealed Terracotta

Terracotta come in two floor types: sealed and unsealed. Sealed terracotta has a protective coating that covers the pores and prevents liquids from being absorbed quickly. This makes cleaning much easier because spills stay on the surface long enough to wipe them away. 

Unsealed terracotta, on the other hand, has no protection at all. It absorbs any liquid instantly and therefore requires extra caution. If your terracotta floor is unsealed, you should only use very small amounts of water and the mildest cleaners. 

Sealing your floor every 1–2 years helps protect it, improves its color, and makes maintenance much simpler.

How to Keep Terracotta Floors Looking Beautiful

Sweep Frequently to Prevent Scratches

Sweeping is the simplest and most effective way to keep terracotta in good condition. Dust and grit are the main causes of scratches, so removing them frequently protects the tile. In busy homes, daily sweeping is best. In quieter areas, once or twice a week may be enough.

Clean Spills Immediately

Terracotta absorbs liquids very fast. If you spill anything water, juice, oil, or even cleaning products wipe it immediately. This prevents deep stains and keeps the tile looking even and clean.

Use Mats and Furniture Pads

Place mats near entrances to catch dirt before it reaches the floor. This helps reduce scratches and reduces the amount of cleaning needed. Also, use felt or rubber pads under furniture legs so they do not scratch the soft terracotta surface when moved.

Reseal Unsealed Terracotta Every 1–2 Years

If your terracotta is unsealed, sealing it is one of the best things you can do. Sealing protects the tile from stains, water, and dirt. It also makes cleaning easier and enhances the warm color of the terracotta. You will know it is time to reseal when water quickly absorbs into the tile or when the surface looks dull or patchy.

Avoid Harsh Products

Terracotta is sensitive to strong chemicals. Avoid vinegar, acids, bleach, ammonia, alcohol-based cleaners, and steam mops. These products can damage both sealed and unsealed terracotta and slowly wear down the surface.

How to Restore Dull or Old Terracotta Floors

Step 1: Deep Cleaning With a Gentle Paste

If your terracotta floor looks old, faded, or dull, a deeper cleaning may be needed. You can start by using a baking soda paste to remove old dirt and residue that regular mopping cannot lift. Spread the paste over the tiles, let it sit, and gently wipe it away. This helps clean the pores without harming the tile.

Step 2: Allow Floor to Dry Fully

Before applying any sealer or finish, the floor must be completely dry. If even a little moisture remains, it can get trapped under the sealer and create cloudiness or discoloration. Allow the floor to dry for several hours, and use fans if possible.

Step 3: Apply Terracotta Sealer

Sealing terracotta gives it a refreshed look and provides strong protection. There are two types of sealers: penetrating sealers that keep a natural matte look and surface sealers that give a shiny or glossy finish. Apply the sealer in thin, even layers according to the instructions and allow enough drying and curing time. A well-sealed terracotta floor becomes easier to clean and looks much richer in color.

Step 4: Buffing for Extra Shine

If you want to enhance the shine of your terracotta floor, you can gently buff the floor using a soft cloth or a microfiber pad. This step is optional but can give the floor polished, beautiful finish without using harsh tools or aggressive methods.

How to Treat Stains on Terracotta Floors

Terracotta floors are naturally very porous, which means they absorb water, oil, and dirt quickly. Because of this, stains form easily, and if they are not cleaned right away, they can become permanent. 

Before treating a stain, it’s important to understand what type it is: light, stubborn, or oil-based. For light stains, warm water and a pH-neutral cleaner work well. Use a soft cloth or a microfiber cloth to gently wipe the stain, because scrubbing too hard can scratch the terracotta surface.

If the stain is stubborn or old, make a thick paste using baking soda and a little water. Apply this paste to the stain and leave it for a few minutes so it can loosen the dirt from inside the tile. Then gently wipe it away with a soft cloth. For oil stains, sprinkle cornstarch first and let it sit for 20–30 minutes so it can absorb the grease. After that, clean the area and use a baking soda paste again if needed.

Always remember not to use vinegar, bleach, ammonia, or any harsh chemical on terracotta, as these can damage the surface. After cleaning, rinse the area with clean water and dry it immediately, because leaving terracotta wet can cause new stains or allow moisture to soak in.

By following these steps, you can protect your terracotta floors from stains and keep their natural beauty and rich color shining for years.

Step 1. Surface Dirt & Everyday Stains

For light, everyday stains caused by spills, dirty footprints, or general wear, a simple baking soda paste is often all that’s needed. Mix a small amount of water with baking soda to form a thick, spreadable paste, then apply it directly on the stain.

 Let it sit for 10–15 minutes so the mild alkaline action can break down the dirt without harming the terracotta. Once the time is up, wipe the paste away gently using a damp microfiber cloth, avoiding harsh scrubbing. Finish by rinsing the area lightly and drying it completely to prevent watermarks.

Step 2. Grease and Oil Stains

Grease and oil penetrate terracotta quickly, leaving dark, stubborn marks. The safest and most effective method is to use an absorbent powder like cornstarch or talcum powder. Sprinkle a generous layer over the oily spot and leave it for 12–24 hours so it can pull the oil out of the pores of the tile. 

After letting it sit, vacuum or sweep away the powder. If a faint shadow remains, apply a gentle baking soda paste and wipe it away carefully. Always dry the spot afterward, because leaving moisture behind can cause additional staining.

Step 3. Water Marks & Mineral Stains

Water stains on terracotta usually appear when hard water evaporates and leaves minerals behind on the surface. Instead of harsh acidic cleaners like vinegar, which can damage terracotta, use distilled water and a soft microfiber cloth. 

Lightly dampen the cloth and buff the stain in small, circular motions to lift the mineral residue. Immediately dry the area with a clean towel because terracotta absorbs moisture quickly. If the stain does not disappear, this may indicate worn sealer, meaning the tile needs resealing for better protection.

Step 4. Mold or Mildew Stains

Terracotta used in damp areas such as kitchens, bathrooms, or outdoor patios may develop mold or mildew spots. The safest cleaning solution is oxygen bleach, not chlorine bleach, which is too harsh. 

Mix the oxygen bleach with warm water according to the package instructions and apply it to the stained area with a soft sponge. Let it rest for about 10 minutes so the oxygen action can break down the organic growth. Rinse the area afterwards with clean water to remove residue and dry thoroughly to prevent moisture from settling back into the tile.

Step 5. Ink, Dye, or Dark Pigment Stains

Stains from ink, hair dye, paint, or other dark pigments require a stronger yet safe approach. The best option is a terracotta-safe alkaline cleaner designed for porous stone or clay tiles. 

Apply the cleaner over the stain and allow it to sit for the recommended time so it can dissolve the pigment molecules. Wipe the area gently with a microfiber cloth and avoid any aggressive scrubbing. Rinse the tile afterward and dry it well, ensuring no chemical residue remains on the surface.

Step 6. Deep, Set-In, or Unknown Stains

When stains sink deep below the surface or if you’re unsure what caused them, a poultice is the best all-purpose solution. Create a thick, clay-like mixture using baking soda and distilled water, then spread it over the stain in a layer about half an inch thick. 

Cover it with plastic wrap and seal the edges to keep the moisture inside, allowing the poultice to slowly draw the stain out. Leave it on for 24–48 hours, then remove the covering and wipe the dried poultice away. Finish by rinsing lightly and drying thoroughly. Poultices work slowly but are extremely effective for deep or older stains.

Step 7. When Stains Do Not Lift at All

If a stain refuses to lift even after poultice treatment, the problem may be underneath the sealer rather than in the tile itself. Over time, sealers can trap stains below their surface. In this case, the area may need gentle stripping using a terracotta-safe stripping product to remove the old sealer. Once the sealer is removed, clean the tile again using the appropriate method for the stain. Finally, reseal the area to restore protection and prevent future staining. This process is usually needed for old grease, wine, rust, or very dark dye stains.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Avoiding common mistakes is important for keeping terracotta floors in good condition. 

One major issue is over-wetting the tiles, which can lead to stains, moisture damage, or even weaken the terracotta over time. Using acidic or harsh cleaners is another common mistake because these products can eat away at the surface and cause permanent discoloration. 

Scrubbing with rough or abrasive tools may seem helpful, but it actually scratches the tiles and makes them look dull. Skipping the rinsing step after mopping also creates problems because leftover cleaner forms a sticky residue that attracts dirt quickly. 

Not sealing unsealed terracotta leaves the tiles unprotected, making them more vulnerable to water absorption, stains, and wear. Steam mops should also be avoided, as the high heat and moisture can push water deep into the tile and damage it from the inside. 

Leaving spills unattended gives them time to soak in, leading to permanent marks. Finally, letting the floor stay wet for too long increases the risk of mold growth, especially in grout lines or corners. By steering clear of these mistakes, you can protect your terracotta floors and keep them looking beautiful for years.

Terracotta Floor Maintenance Guide

1. Daily Maintenance

Daily care focuses on preventing scratches and avoiding stains. Sweep or dust-mop the floor every day or every other day to remove grit, dust, and debris. Use a soft broom or microfiber dust mop, and pay special attention to corners and edges where dirt accumulates.

Wipe up spills immediately; water, juice, oil, or any other liquid can quickly seep into porous terracotta and leave stains. Use doormats at entrances to reduce dirt brought in from outside and attach felt pads under furniture legs to prevent scratches. If a light mop is needed, use a barely damp microfiber mop with clean water only, never soaking the floor.

2. Weekly Maintenance

Once or twice a week, give the floor a gentle cleaning to remove surface grime. Use warm water mixed with a pH-neutral cleaner and a soft microfiber mop. Mop in small sections and rinse the mop frequently to avoid spreading dirty water. 

Avoid harsh chemicals, acidic cleaners, or excessive water. Check high-traffic areas for small stains and treat them promptly using a baking soda paste or another gentle method if needed. Regular weekly care keeps the floor looking bright and reduces the need for more intensive cleaning later.

3. Monthly Maintenance

Monthly maintenance focuses on preventing buildup and protecting the tiles. Check the floor for any signs of dullness, minor scratches, or small stains that may need more attention. Buff the tiles lightly with a soft cloth or microfiber pad to restore some shine, especially in high-traffic areas. 

Inspect grout lines for dirt or mildew and clean gently with a soft brush or sponge. For sealed terracotta, lightly wipe with a damp cloth to maintain a clean surface without disturbing the sealer. This monthly habit prevents small issues from turning into larger problems.

4. Yearly Maintenance

Terracotta floors require annual or biennial care to maintain long-term beauty. This includes resealing unsealed or worn floors to protect against stains, moisture, and wear. Before sealing, deep clean the tiles thoroughly, ensuring all dust, dirt, and old residues are removed. 

Once dry, apply a penetrating sealer to preserve the natural matte look or a surface sealer for a glossy finish. Yearly maintenance may also involve gentle polishing or buffing to enhance the floor’s color and warmth. This long-term care helps keep terracotta floors vibrant and extends their lifespan for decades.

FAQs: Cleaning and Caring for Terracotta Floors

1. How often should I clean terracotta floors?

Sweep terracotta floors daily or at least a few times a week to prevent scratches. Light mopping with a pH-neutral cleaner can be done once a week or as needed.

2. Can I use vinegar to clean terracotta floors?

No. Vinegar is acidic and can damage terracotta, especially unsealed tiles. It can cause etching, dullness, and permanent discoloration.

3. What is the safest cleaner for terracotta floors?

A pH-neutral floor cleaner is the safest option. It removes dirt without harming the tile or breaking down sealers.

4. Can terracotta floors be steam cleaned?

Avoid steam mops entirely. The high heat and moisture can force water deep into the tile, leading to stains, weakening, and long-term damage.

5. How do I remove stains from terracotta tiles?

Use a baking soda paste for everyday stains. For oil stains, apply cornstarch first to absorb the oil, then clean with baking soda. For very deep stains, use a terracotta-specific cleaner.

6. How do I know if my terracotta floor needs resealing?

Sprinkle a few drops of water on the tile. If the water absorbs quickly or leaves a dark spot, the sealer has worn off, and it’s time to reseal.

7. How often should terracotta floors be sealed?

Most terracotta floors need sealing every 1–2 years, depending on foot traffic, cleaning habits, and exposure to moisture.

8. Can I use bleach or ammonia on terracotta?

No. Both chemicals are too harsh and can damage terracotta surfaces, break down sealers, and leave permanent marks.

9. Can terracotta floors be polished?

Yes. Once the tiles are fully clean and sealed, you can gently buff them with a microfiber pad or soft cloth to enhance shine.

10. Can I use a regular mop for terracotta floors?

Yes, but it should be used slightly damp, not soaking wet. A microfiber mop works best because it traps dirt without scratching the tiles.